Two of his eldest sons from the first wife died during his lifetime. One widowed guru married a second time, however, the others wed multiple wives while the others lived. Consecutive and Co-wives of the Sikh Gurus, Biography of Mata Sundri (Sundari Kaur), 2nd Wife of Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh Controversy: Panthik Arguments, Conflicts, Debates and Distortions, Mata Jito Ji (Ajit Kaur) First Wife of Guru Gobind Singh, Nanakshahi Calendar Year 548 International Gurpurab Dates 2016 - 2017, Dr. Gurbaksh Singh purports that ancient historians of other cultures, when reporting the tenth guru's marriages, misinterpreted historic, Maharani Raj Kaur aka Datan Kaur / Mai Nakayan. [13][14][16], According to Surjit Singh Gandhi, 52 Rajas who were imprisoned in the fort as hostages for "millions of rupees" and for opposing the Mughal empire were dismayed as they were losing a spiritual mentor. One day, while Bhai Gonda was repeating the Japji, he felt as if he was actually clinging to the Guru’s feet. [1] He thus founded the military tradition in the Sikh faith. He had his own Darbar (court). Guru Sahib often awarded various Sikh warriors with gallantry awards. He advised Sikhs to arm and fight the Mughals. The family history of his wives, their date, and place, of birth and their parentage are known. Sikh also tends to follow the laws of the land in which they reside. Guru ji was very much pleased with his sincere devotion and asked, “Bhai Gonda, go to Kabul, and instruct the Sikhs there in the worship of the true Name, and preach the Sikh faith. Guru Har Rai ji was the son of Baba Gurdita Ji and Mata Nihal Kaur Ji (also known as Mata Ananti Ji). He is in thought, word, and deed, a saint of the Guru. The arming and training of some of his devoted followers began. [23], Guru Hargobind's army fought battles with the Mughal armies of Shah Jahan at Amritsar, Kartarpur and elsewhere. Before his death he named his young son Harkrishan as his successor. The Guru was pleased that the Emperor had such confidence in him as to write such a friendly letter, and consented to give the required medicines. As Guru Hargobind left the fort, the captive kings caught the hems of the cloak and came out along with him. At mid-day, when dinner was announced, the Guru made no response. Guru Har Rai ji married Mata Kishan Kaur Ji (sometimes also refereed to as Sulakhni Ji) daughter of Sri Daya Ram Ji of Anoopshahr (Bulandshahr) in Uttar Pradesh on Har Sudi 3, Samvat 1697. Fenech and McLeod (2014), Historical Dictionary of Sikhism, 3rd Edition, Rowman & Littlefield, Sikhism Origin and Development By Dalbir Singh Dhillon, p121 "In the year A. D. 1632, Shah Jahan revived his religious policy and issued ... of his policy, the Gurdwara and a Baoli at Lahore was destroyed and a mosque was erected over its place", Understanding the Martyrdom of Guru Arjan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guru_Hargobind&oldid=982537964, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Advising the Sikhs to take part in military training and martial arts, This page was last edited on 8 October 2020, at 19:32. Guru Tegh Bahadur, his son from Mata Nanaki, became the ninth Sikh Guru. Although, Guru Har Rai Ji was a man of peace, he never disbanded the armed Sikh Warriors (Saint Soldiers), who earlier were maintained by his grandfather, Guru Hargobind. “Brother Sikhs. He established 360 Sikh missionary seats (Manjis). Thus Guru Sahib established a strict property for the Sikhs against any alteration of original verse in Guru Granth Sahib and the basic conventions set up by Guru Nanak Sahib. Guru Gobind Singh wed three times in all. Feed holy men and pilgrims with the offerings you receive and send whatever remains here for the upkeep of the Langar. [14] It is not clear as to how much time he spent as a prisoner. At age 10, in 1640, Guru Har Rai was married to Mata Kishan Kaur (sometimes also referred to as Sulakhni) the daughter of Daya Ram. I will never see you again on account of your infidelity.”. Memorials have been erected commemorating their deaths. Guru Har Rai was married to Mata Kishan Kaur (also referred to as Sulakhni) the daughter of Daya Ram. Born: January 16, 1630 Kiratpur Sahib, Rupnagar, Punjab, India, Died: October 6, 1661 (aged 31) Kiratpur Sahib, Punjab, India, Children: Baba Ram Rai and Guru Har Krishan, Parents: Baba Gurditta (father), Mata Nihal Kaur (mother). Other Sikhs, however, feel it equally slanderous to second guess the guru's motives, and to suggest that which does not comply with modern practices to be tawdry, or to blur historical fact, and omit, obscure, or obliterate, the names of esteemed women exalted by the gurus in sacred matrimony: Sukhmandir Kaur is a Sikh author, educator, and the president of Dharam Khand Sikh Academy. There also he maintained a zoo. Jahangir ordered their release as well. Arms mean protection to the poor and destruction of the tyrant. Emperor Aurangzeb made an excuse for the help rendered to prince Dara Shikoh by Guru Sahib during the war of succession and framed false charges against Guru Sahib who was summoned to Delhi. [4][12], Along with the execution of Guru Arjan by Mughal Emperor Jahangir, Guru Hargobind from the very start was a dedicated enemy of the Mughal rule. He grew as absorbed in the sight of the Guru as a drop of rain in the ocean. How can I go take my dinner until he lets go? The couple had two sons—Ram Rai and Harkrishan. [14] Persian records, such as Dabistan i Mazahib suggest he was kept in jail for twelve years, including over 1617–1619 in Gwalior, after which he and his camp were kept under Muslim army's surveillance by Jahangir. [1][9] He had children from all three wives. In front of the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, Guru Hargobind constructed the Akal Takht (the throne of the timeless one). Well researched, and referenced historical accounts based on ancient oral, and written history, from the era of the ten Sikh gurus, indicate that four of Sikhism's gurus had more than one wife. How can I take them away from him? On arriving there he built a Gurdwara and carried out all the Guru’s instructions. The Emperor was naturally very pleased and forgot all his enemity with the Guru, and vowed that he would never again cause him annoyance. Guru Hargobind died at Kiratpur Rupnagar, Punjab, on 19 March 1644, but before his death, he rejected his eldest grandson Dhir Mal's politics, and nominated Guru Har Rai (Dhir Mal's younger brother) instead to succeed him as the Guru. "I had heard that you occupied the Gaddi of Guru Nanak", said the Maratha saint Ramdas, and asked what sort of sadhu was he. He tried to clarify some misunderstandings regarding Guru Ghar and Sikh faith, created by Dhirmals and Minas. [24] Guru Hargobind also fought the Battle of Kartarpur. He accompanied Jahangir to Kashmir and Rajputana and subdued Tara Chand of Nalagarh, who had continued for a long time in open rebellion and all efforts to subdue him had failed. Guru Hargobind requested the Rajas to be freed along with him as well and stood surety for their loyal behavior. [23] The pattern was repeated when Guru Har Rai chose his second son as his successor instead of his eldest son. He had become Guru at the young age of eleven, after the execution of his father, Guru Arjan, by the Mughal emperor Jahangir.[2]. Guru Hargobind had three wives: Damodari, Nanaki and Mahadevi. Once on the request of Dara Shikoh (the eldest son of emperor Shahjahan), Guru Sahib helped him to escape safely from the bloody hands of Aurangzeb’s armed forces during the war of succession.