Please select Ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway. The tipis' pole framework was covered by a complex arrangement of bison hides, and the covering was decorated with paintings celebrating the husband's accomplishments. The Buffalo Eaters kept dogs for hunting and as guards, and the Mountain Sheep Eaters used dog transport on a large scale. Shoshoni Indians -- Social life and customs. Ojibwa (2012) explains that following the relocation to reservations in the nineteen thirties, many Shoshone Native Americans worked at trading posts. "Eastern Shoshone He also gave counsel on issues of joint decision, but had little to do with internal disputes. American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, 11, 803-835. Dances and Societies of the Plains Shoshone. They have grown to a group of nearly 30,000. The dialects are similar enough that speakers of one dialect are typically able to understand another dialect. It usually took place over several days and nights in the summer where men would dance with increasing intensity while sacrificing food and water. They would not kill for recreation or pleasure. Political Organization. Most Shoshone people shop at the supermarkets and have a normal diet of grains, protein and meat, dairy, and fruits and vegetables (The Shoshone Today, 2015). War was a continuing state among them, and war gains and losses Encyclopedia of World Cultures. In winter and early spring, the tribe could break up into three to five bands, each having a loose association with a particular region in western Wyoming, but not named or bounded. This led to the Snake War, where the Shoshone were again defeated and their resistance to the settlers crushed. The demographic effects of warfare were severe. # Shoshoni Indians--Social life and customs, An introduction to the history, social structure, customs, and present life of the Shoshone Indians.\"@, Where they lived -- Society -- Food -- Homes -- Clothing -- Crafts -- Family -- Children -- Myths -- War -- Contact with Europeans -- Washakie -- The Shoshone today -- Glossary -- Web sites.\"@, Shoshoni Indians--Social life and customs\"@, Export to EndNote / Reference Manager(non-Latin). The Eastern Shoshone made a wide variety of leather goods. which were the greatest source of prestige, suicide in combat, and The Blackfoot Nation is actually a confederation of several distinct tribes, including th…, Eastern Shore Community College: Tabular Data, Eastern Shore Community College: Narrative Description, Eastern Shore Community College: Distance Learning Programs, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Bioethics in, Eastern Oregon University: Narrative Description, Eastern Oregon University: Distance Learning Programs, Eastern Oklahoma State College: Tabular Data, Eastern Oklahoma State College: Narrative Description, Eastern Oklahoma State College: Distance Learning Programs, Eastern New Mexico University: Tabular Data, Eastern New Mexico University: Narrative Description, Eastern New Mexico University: Distance Learning Programs, Eastern New Mexico University-Roswell: Tabular Data, Eastern University: Narrative Description, Eastern Washington University: Distance Learning Programs, Eastern Washington University: Narrative Description, Eastern Washington University: Tabular Data, Eastern West Virginia Community and Technical College, Eastern West Virginia Community and Technical College: Distance Learning Programs, Eastern West Virginia Community and Technical College: Narrative Description, Eastern West Virginia Community and Technical College: Tabular Data, Eastern Woodland Native American Religion, Eastern Wyoming College: Distance Learning Programs, Eastern Wyoming College: Narrative Description, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/eastern-shoshone. They prized horses and dogs as aids in transportation, hunting, and war; neither animal was eaten except in great need, nor were the hides and bones put to other uses. council in earlier times, but on the reservation now, they maintain a The principal food fish were cutthroat trout, Montana grayling, and Rocky Mountain whitefish, taken primarily in the spring and either eaten fresh or preserved by sun-drying or smoking. there was a low adult male/female sex ratio, as a result of which they included the antelope, jackrabbit, mountain sheep, marmot, and sage hen. The whole tribe was gathered at times for winter shelter. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. birthing seclusion. ." They had a relatively low incorporation Women were socially subordinated to men and There was a large variety of fauna available to the Eastern Shoshone, Supplemented by berries and roots, with seeds being of minor importance. The chief’s age was middle-aged or older. The two military to lose small parties to raiders until well into the late nineteenth Prior to the Shoshone tribes being forced into reservations, their work was very simple. Prickly pear in drier areas was eaten on rare occasions. In the early 1980s, there were perhaps three thousand of their descendants living on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming and its environs. Shoshone men were generally hunters while women gathered making marriage essential to form a viable economic unit. Get this from a library! © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. drinking horns, bear-paw snowshoes) ; and improvised expedient There are four main dialects spoken: Western Shoshoni, spoken by the Shoshone Indians in Nevada, Gosiute (Gos-i-yoot), spoken by the Shoshone Indians in western Utah, Northern Shoshoni, spoken by the Shoshone Indians in southern Idaho and Northern Utah, and Eastern Shoshoni, spoken by the Shoshone Indians in Wyoming. This could be attributed to their genetics, a rise in obesity rates, sedentary lifestyles, and the change in their people’s diet (McLaughlin, 2010). Their history since about 1500 can be described in a number of phases, beginning with their pre-horse penetration of the High Plains and their adoption of large-scale bison hunting; then with the acquisition of horses around 1700 came a Second phase of widespread raiding through the plains. Bison-skin tipis were made by the women and decorated by their Shoshoni Indians -- Social life and customs -- Juvenile literature. (n.d.). Encyclopedia of World Cultures. At the top of the social class were the chief and shaman- they are usually older or a middle aged man who controlled a group decisions about warfare, marches and hunts. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. Access to these resources was limited somewhat by natural conditions, and by the actions of hostile tribes. First, the United States government signed a treaty with Shoshone people for peace, but the United States government did not keep the treaty. Native Languages of the Americas: Shoshone Indian Legends, Myths, and Stories. Prior to extensive Christian missionary efforts and the introduction of the Peyote religion in the late nineteenth century, the Eastern Shoshone practiced two forms of religious beliefs and behavior. Orientation These changes were likely due to Christian influence. Social Control and Conflict. horse-stealing raids on foot. The latter were of three types: sumptuary, Please re-enter recipient e-mail address(es). Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. The Goshute occupied much of what is now the western Utah and eastern Nevada. into Marriages. There was an absence of individual property rights in land or movable property, or of any rule of Inheritance governing the transmission of such rights. The Shoshone people traveled according to the seasons and followed the animals and food supply. They prized horses and dogs as (n.d). (2015). They used a range of weapons to hunt for these animals such as lances, spears, hatchets and axes (Shoshone Tribe, 2015). They would tell them the stories about the origins of their people and the great stories of the heroes in their tribes past. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. If the parents believed him to be a good provider and good person, they would agree. The horse, mule, and dog were the domestic animals, with cattle being added in the later nineteenth century. The Shoshone tribe taught the Mormons how to hunt and gather in this new type of land and the Mormons sought to convert the Shoshone tribe to Mormonism.