Nevertheless, while some more conservative Nazi lawyers objected to the lack of precision with which a person could be defined as a "Jew," he argued that American judges were able to identify black people for purposes of laws in American states that prohibited "miscegenation" between black and white people, and laws that otherwise codified racial segregation, and, therefore, German laws could similarly target Jews even if the term "Jew" could not be given a precise legal definition.[15]. This evil advocate of National Socialism quickly became one of the most feared judges in all the land, thanks to a combination of his excellent legal knowledge, berating and aggressive delivery and humiliation tactics in the courtroom. [17], Freisler became in this period notorious for berating in a personalized injudicial manner from the bench the steady stream of defendants passing before him on their way to their deaths, often shouting and occasionally yelling at them - particularly in cases of resistance to the authority of Nazi Germany - in an enraged, glaringly clarion, but dramatically controlled harsh voice, using a mastery of the art of court-room performance artifice. After studying at university he became a lawyer. At one point he yelled at Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben, who was trying to hold up his trousers after having been given old, oversized and beltless clothing, "You dirty old man, why do you keep fiddling with your trousers? Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea! Freisler would think nothing of denying a defendant braces and a belt, and then condemning them for not being able to keep their trousers up during the trial. This "provided the legal basis for imposing the death penalty and penitentiary terms on juveniles for the first time in German legal history. [18][additional citation(s) needed]. Le matin du 3 février 1945, Freisler dirigeait une séance du samedi du Tribunal populaire lorsque des bombardiers de l' armée de l'air des États-Unis ont attaqué Berlin , dirigés par le B-17 du lieutenant-colonel Robert Rosenthal de l' USAAF . (Oswald Freisler committed suicide in 1939). Cet ancien communiste est l'un des chefs nazis les plus brutaux qui soient. Between 1942 and 1945, the figure that reached its zenith with 5,000 Germans sent to their death under Freisler’s leadership. Freisler fréquentait la faculté de droit lors du déclenchement de la Première Guerre mondiale en 1914, qui interrompit ses études. Roland Freisler (30 October 1893 – 3 February 1945) was a prominent and notorious Nazi lawyer and judge. [5] In October 1915, he was wounded in action on the Eastern Front and taken prisoner of war by Russian forces. L'adoption de la terminologie biologique raciale dans la loi a présenté la criminalité juvénile comme «parasitaire», ce qui implique la nécessité de peines plus sévères pour y remédier. "Drei Todesurteile pro Tag" (Three death sentences per day), 'Freisler, Political Soldier,' 'Der Spiegel' 23.9.1968, review of 'Judge in a Red Robe - Freisler, President of the People's Court' by Gert Buchheit (Pub. Bien que la peine de mort ait été abolie avec la création de la République fédérale , il est également remarquable comme définissant le meurtre dans la loi allemande de 1941, qui survit à ce jour dans le Strafgesetzbuch § 211. Fabian von Schlabrendorff was "standing near Freisler when the latter met his end". Among this and other show trials, Freisler headed the 1943 proceedings against the members of the \"White Rose\" resistance group, and ordered many of its members to be executed by guillotine.\r\r\rMore info:\r\rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freisler\r\r\rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksgerichtshof Une autre version de la mort de Freisler déclare qu'il a été tué par une bombe britannique qui a traversé le plafond de sa salle d'audience alors qu'il tentait de sauver deux femmes, qui ont survécu à l'explosion. From left to right: Roland Freisler, Criminal case against six defendants in the 20 July 1944 plot in the. 'Hitler's Helfer - Roland Freisler', television documentary, by Guido Knopp, ZDF Enterprizes (1998). Its separate administrative existence beyond the ordinary judicial system increased its notoriety, and despite its judicial trappings it rapidly turned into an executive execution arm and psychological domestic terror weapon of Nazi Germany's totalitarian regime, in the tradition of a revolutionary tribunal rather than a court of law. The accused were unable to consult their lawyers, who were not even allowed to sit near their clients. Roland Freisler was born on 30 October 1893 in Celle, Lower Saxony, the son of Julius Freisler (born 20 August 1862[1] in Klantendorf, Moravia), an engineer and teacher, and Charlotte Auguste Florentine Schwerdtfeger (born 30 April 1863 in Celle – died 20 March 1932 in Kassel). Le tribunal populaire sous la domination de Freisler s'est presque toujours rangé du côté du parquet, au point que sa déposition équivalait à une accusation capitale . [13] From the period 1933 to 1945 the Reich's Courts sentenced at least 72 German juveniles to death, among them 17-year-old Helmuth Hübener, found guilty of high treason for distributing anti-war leaflets in 1942. Freisler considérait la législation raciste américaine Jim Crow comme «primitive» pour ne pas avoir fourni une définition légale du terme personne noire ou noire. [4] He acted as prosecutor, judge and jury all in one, and also as his own recorder, thereby controlling the record of the written grounds for the sentences that he passed[citation needed]. [4], Whilst a prisoner Freisler learned to speak Russian, and developed an interest in Marxism after the Russian Revolution had commenced. (Oswald Freisler mourut, prétendument par suicide, en 1939.) Hitler had reportedly seen Freisler in action and specially requested that he be the man to preside over the activists trial. In fact, Freisler succeeded in turning the court into a psychological weapon and a way to control the citizenry of Nazi Germany. Oswald had acted as a defence counsel against the regime's authority several times during the increasingly politically-driven trials by which the Nazis sought to enforce their tyrannical control of German society, and he had the habit of wearing his Nazi Party membership badge in court whilst doing so. [5] and gained authority immediately within the organisation by using his legal training to defend members of it who were regularly facing prosecutions for acts of political violence. The organisation was non-violent, but met a bloody death when the ring leaders were beheaded by guillotine in 1943. Approximately 90% of all proceedings at the Volksgerichtshof ended with sentences of death or life imprisonment, the sentences frequently having been determined before the trial. entre les Noirs et les Blancs, et les lois qui autrement codifiaient la ségrégation raciale , et, par conséquent, les lois allemandes pourraient également viser les Juifs même si le terme «Juif» ne pouvait pas recevoir une définition juridique précise. Arcade Publishing, 2002). [20], On the morning of 3 February 1945 Freisler was conducting a Saturday session of the People's Court when United States Army Air Force bombers attacked Berlin. Paul List, 1968). He was State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice and President of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof), which was set up outside constitutional authority.This court handled political actions against Hitler's dictatorial regime by conducting a series of show trials. Freisler was appointed as the Director of the Prussian Ministry of Justice in 1933, followed by stints as Secretary of State in the Prussian Ministry of Justice (1933-1934) and the Reich Ministry of Justice (1934-1942). Between 1942 and 1945 more than 5,000 death sentences were handed out, and of these, 2,600 through the court's First Senate, which Freisler headed. It was a Saturday, and Freisler was presiding over a session of the People’s Court when an American air raid caught them unawares. In October 1939, he introduced the concept of 'precocious juvenile criminal' in the "Juvenile Felons Decree". [3], Freisler saw active service during World War 1. Freisler later rejected any insinuation that he had ever co-operated with the Nazi Regime's ideological enemy, but his subsequent career as a political official in Germany was over-shadowed by rumours about his time as a "Commissar" with the "Reds".[5]. Wearing a scarlet red robe and standing underneath massive scarlet red swastika banners, Roland Freisler would open each day in court with a Nazi salute before carrying out cruel “justice” that involved long, raving speeches and extended verbal humiliation of defendants. Perhaps because of this, Freisler was thought important enough to be invited to the 1942 Wannsee Conference, which sought to deal with the ‘final solution’ for the Jewish race throughout Europe. Between 1942 and 1945 Freisler put to death 5,000 people – in three years he put as many defendants in front of the executioner as the People’s Court had done in the years 1934-1945. "[28] His body was buried in the grave of his wife's family at the Waldfriedhof Dahlem Cemetery in Berlin. To add to the shame, Freisler gave them oversized clothing, denied them belts so their trousers kept slipping, then berated them for it. "Protéger la communauté nationale contre la délinquance juvénile: Nazification du droit pénal des mineurs dans le Troisième Reich", un chapitre de la thèse de l'auteur. ". Only loyal Nazis could be judges and treason would be defined as any form of opposition to National Socialism. The court was like a production line with dead defendants the end result. Instead, he stayed behind to gather files on the trial of Fabian von Schlabrendorff, a July 20 plot conspirator he was hoping to send to his death that day. Roland Freisler (30 octobre 1893 - 3 février 1945) était un juriste , juge et homme politique nazi allemand qui a été secrétaire d'État du ministère de la Justice du Reich de 1934 à 1942 et président de la Cour populaire de 1942 à 1945. Roland Freisler: The Nazi Judge Who Ran Hitler’s Deadly Kangaroo Court.