The U.S. team had evidence that the Russians were responsible for the cut in the cable, but in seeking agreement among the allies to reproach the Russians about this incident and to warn against any more such actions, they met some resistance. Ninety-nine percent of all transoceanic communications flow through undersea cables; nearly one third of all oil global and natural gas production is drawn from undersea wells.12 These are persistently under threat. The Forgotten Waters tabletop exercise concentrated on what is hidden from view, but is critical nevertheless. You may now pick up your very own copy at your favorite local game store across North America TODAY! Instead, submarines glide silently through the water listening, hence their moniker, “The Silent Service.” To avoid undersea collisions—which can and do happen—allied nations divide up the undersea environment through a process of “waterspace management,” assigning discrete “boxes” to various nations for their fast attack and strategic deterrence missions. This geography is further complicated by pipelines, communications cables, and economic exclusion zones. Forgotten Waters highlighted other disparities among NATO states that impeded action. While such activities and coordination might be going on behind the scenes, our participants’ relative unease and unfamiliarity with the cyber domain’s full potential suggests that more discussion must be undertaken to bring policymakers up to speed on cyber’s role within the alliance’s plans. First and foremost, it served as a useful reminder about the evolving nature of the international security environment and the dangers of becoming preoccupied with a single region, mission, or domain. Forgotten Wastes Map . This phenomenon was not an artifact of the game; all participants attested that it reflected the reality in NATO consultations. The exercise also highlighted an array of allied views on the utility of relying on the NATO-Russia Council (NRC) during a crisis. This also came to be called the 28-for-28 strategy. Forgotten waters: Reviving the Light and Life of Dhanushkodi T.N. The levels of defense spending by alliance nations has become an issue of international concern. The Forgotten Waters tabletop exercise concentrated on what is hidden from view, but is critical nevertheless. The Atlantic-facing members of NATO now possess far fewer frigates—the premier class of surface vessels designated to conduct ASW operations—than they did 20 years ago. Japan, after the 2011 earthquake, rebuilt its entire infrastructure with minimum human casualties, for it had already predicted the disaster and used evacuative measures. Geography still rules, despite the conceits of the jet age and the information age. It is at this point, as an architecture student, one delves an inquiry about the factors that go into such circumstances, pre and post disaster. Recently, the Alliance committed to reviewing its geographic defense plans, including the plan for Norway, Iceland, and the maritime flanks. How can it rebuild military capabilities and skillsets for this region when resources are constrained? Although America’s navy remains considerably larger than Russia’s, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Norway have announced both upgrades and expansions to their maritime patrol aircraft fleets after realizing that they had allowed these capabilities to wane over the past two decades. It provided CNAS analysts and participants with several important insights about hybrid threats, the critical role of Iceland, intelligence sharing, disparities among NATO states, and NATO decision-making. Third, NATO’s maritime strategy must address the full spectrum of naval challenges that the Alliance might encounter in the future, not just the lower-end operations found in the 2011 version. The Alliance should tackle two more gaps exposed by the Forgotten Waters exercise.The first is the impact that the dire state of the Russia-NATO relationship  has had on crisis communications. Explore Water Online. It might be beer that kicks my ass this hard. Current slide {CURRENT_SLIDE} of {TOTAL_SLIDES}- Best Selling in Contemporary Manufacture. Late in 2016, several news sources reported that multiple Russian submarines had transited through the North Atlantic and entered the Mediterranean Sea in support of a Russian carrier strike group that was operating off Syria.10 Russian submarines have appeared off the east coast of the United States as well.11. Antworten auf Fragen. Mackinder’s theory would now conclude that, rather than the Central Asian hub on dry land, it is the rim of the imaginary wheel that revolves around that hub that has attained strategic dominance.