Nagamese, Khatt-i-Badí’, Early 21st-century population estimates indicated more than 1,500 Chinook descendants. Ndyuka, Fanagalo, Greetings, Salutations & Stuff: Klahowya, Klahowyum - a greeting or salutation, but also used in the context "please help me" or "I'm miserable" languages of the Chinook people. One hundred thousand Native Americans, settlers and immigrants were using it in 1875. http://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=script_detail&key=Dupl, Betawi, However, local Athabaskan languages are SOV, so this is probably a result of contact – a cross-language compromise. Latin, You can see more of the poem at: http://illahie.blogspot.co.uk/2014/03/rain-language-part-1-poem-by-terry.html. Bislama, Papiamento, Dalecarlian runes, Chinook is a Chinookan language, related to other languages like Kathlamet and Wasco. Chinook Jargon Phrasebook. It has a small vocabularly, and a simple The Chinook were first described ethnographically by the American explorers Lewis and Clark in 1805. Chinook Jargon, the trade language of the Northwest Coast, was a combination of Chinook with Nuu-chah-nulth and other Native American, English, and French terms. It has SVO structure: Chinookan and Salishan are VSO, e.g., Haias olo tso naika [much hungry water I] "I'm very thirsty". Although the last known native speaker of any Chinookan language died in 2012, the 2009-2013 American Community Survey found 270 self-identified speakers of Upper Chinook.[2]. Norfuk, The ergative refers to agent of a transitive verb, the absolutive to patient of a transitive or single argument of an intransitive, the dative to indirect object. These distinguish first, inclusive, second, third, fourth (indefinite) person, dual and plural possessors. The Chinook people were finally recognized by the US Govt. Ogham, grammar, so is easy to learn. Carian, Coorgi-Cox, http://dspace.library.uvic.ca:8080/handle/1828/3840 Mundari Bani, Chinook Jargon originated as a pidgin trade language of the Pacific Northwest, and spread quickly up the West Coast from modern Oregon to the regions now Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska.It is related to, but not the same as, the aboriginal language of the Chinook people, upon which much of its vocabulary is based. Initial prefix serve primarily as nominalizers. Web. words from English and French, as well as from a variety of local The pronominal prefixes are obligatory, whether free nominals occur in the clause-or not. Hymes, Dell. Mithun, Marianne. In 1990, there were 69 speakers (7 monolinguals) of Wasco-Wishram; in 2001, 5 speakers of Wasco remained; the last fully fluent speaker, Gladys Thompson, died in 2012. Only later did Chinook Jargon acquire significant English and French lexical items. Verbs stems may be simplex or compound, the second member indicating direction, including motion out of, from open to cover especially from water to shore or inland, from cover to open, especially toward water, into, down or up. See more. 105–110 Chavacano, Torres-Strait Creole, Adlam, Columbia, Alaska and Yukon Territory. Bassa (Vah), One legacy of those families is the approximately 15 percent of the Chinook Jargon lexicon derived from French, the predominant language of the fur-company rank-and-file. Chinook Jargon also includes words from English and French, as well as from a variety of local indigenous languge. Lydian, Tok Pisin, The number of tense/aspect prefix distinctions varies among the languages. eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'omniglot_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_0',141,'0','0'])); Source: http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso10646/pdf/chinook-and-shorthand.pdf, Source: http://chinookjargon.com/2013/12/05/visit-to-skwamish-a-cj-text/ - includes transliteration and translation. Orkhon, Galik, Jargon learnt to read and write using this script. Then declined, was recorded by linguists in the 1930s, and died out by the early 1900s. Masculine prefixes also appear with nouns expressing qualities. It was also used to publish "We Should Lose Much by Their Absence": The Centrality of Chinookans and Kalapuyans to Life in Frontier Oregon There were Lower and Upper Chinookan groups, only a single variety of the latter now survives: Wasco-Wishram (Wasco and Wishram were originally two separate, similar varieties). by members of the Arctic Club in Seattle until about 1939. the USA and Canada during the 19th century. Georgian (Mkhedruli), Cape Verdean Creole, Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Old Italic, Most of the language family became extinct as separate groups by 1900, except a few hundreds who mixed with other groups. Konoway tillicums klatawa kunamokst klaska mamook okoke huloima chee illahie. Glosbe is a collaborative project and every one can add (and remove) translations. Why not share this page: 1 (Spring, 2008), pp. Simply log in and add new translation. Chinook Jargon may have originated before European contact. Kaddare, indigenous languge. Seychelles Creole, Khazarian Rovas, Other important trade items were slaves from California, Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) canoes, and dentalium shells, which were highly valued as hair and clothing ornaments. Mathias D. Bergmann When it follows an absolutive –dative pronoun sequence, it indicates that one indirectly affected is associated with the absolutive, perhaps as the whole in a part-whole relationship, or the owner. in about 1879 and realised that the Latin alphabet was not ideal for writing the Irish (Uncial), The Chinookan languages were a small family of languages spoken in Oregon and Washington along the Columbia River by Chinook peoples. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 1987.65 (1987): 97-110. Kahta Mamook Kopa Chinook Wawa - How to speak Chinook Kamloops Wawa Word List: This is a list of basic Chinook Jargon words as reproduced in Kamloops Wawa, a publication of the Oblate missionary community in British Columbia during the 1890s. Article Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20615823, Pre-contact distribution of Chinookan languages, "Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English", Once-dying Chinook Language Finds Future in Voices of Children, Aaron Clark, "Tribes strive to save native tongues (Wasco tribe's Kiksht language)", Indigenous language families and isolates, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinookan_languages&oldid=978090978, Indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest Coast, Indigenous languages of the North American Plateau, Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, since 2012, with the death of Gladys Thompson, Families with more than 30 languages are in, This page was last edited on 12 September 2020, at 20:57. After this it declined, though continued Suffixes include repetitive, causatives, an involuntary passive, completive, stative, purposive, future, usitative, successful completive and so on. Umbrian, from Montreal, to write a number of other indigenous languages in Quebec and Newfoundland, Beitha Kukju, Chinook Jargon also flourished from 1790s–1830s, then experienced a flood of English and French new vocabulary. Chinook Jargon also includes Old Chinook and Chinook Jargon "The Chinookan languages, are languages that originated on the Columbia River from the Dalles on down to the mouth and up and down the coast a little ways. When the reflexive follows can ergative-absolutive pronoun sequence, it indicates that one indirectly affected is the same as the ergative. Everyone was thrown together to make this strange new country. Kituba, Georgian (Nuskhuri), Mandombe, Sutton SignWriting, Chinookan consisted of three languages with multiple varieties. Elbasan, Mandaic, Chinook Jargon is the most accessible of all the Native American languages. (1999). 4, No. Chinook Jargon, Georgian (Asomtavruli), Saramaccan, The vowels in the Chinookan languages are /a i ɛ ə u/ as followed. If you like this site and find it useful, you can support it by making a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or by contributing in other ways. Word order functions purely pragmatically; constituents appear in decreasing order of newsworthiness. Chinook Jargon Phrasebook. The Chinook were famous as traders, with connections stretching as far as the Great Plains. The neuter may indicate indefiniteness. Réunion Creole, By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chinuk pipa, Runic, 1 (Jan., 1926), pp. Kahta Mamook Kopa Chinook Wawa - How to speak Chinook . Cyrillic, We have included twenty basic Chinook words here, to compare with related American Indian languages. Chinook, North American Indians of the Northwest Coast who spoke Chinookan languages and traditionally lived in what are now Washington and Oregon, from the mouth of the Columbia River to The Dalles. Ol Chiki (Ol Cemet' / Santali), Gothic, Chinook Jargon may have originated before European contact. E. Sapir Including the "post-pronominal"-g-, the system is as follows: Compare these pronominal prefixes with the corresponding intransitive subjects and transitive objects: The original Chinook Jargon was a simplified language, originally used as a second language by speakers of other Native American languages in the area. The phonetic parallelism would then be perfect in the three cases. Omniglot is how I make my living. Sranan, International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. Aside from certain secondary irregularities in the third person dual and third person plural which don't concern us, the pronominal subject of the transitive verb differs from the pronominal subject of the intransitive verb only in the case of the third person singular masculine and third person singular feminine, the difference between the two sets of forms being for the most part indicated by position and, in part, by the use of a "postpronominal" particle-g-which indicates that the preceding pronominal element is used as the subject of a transitive verb. Three can be seen in the Kathlamet verb. It was used across a very broad territory reaching from California to Alaska. Singing ceremonies were public demonstrations of these gifts. Guadeloupean Creole, 1. Lepontic, The river was a rich source of salmon, the basis of the regional economy, and many groups traded with the Chinook for dried fish. The gender/number prefixes is followed by possessive pronominal prefixes of the verb. This article was most recently revised and updated by, How Stuff Works - History - Chinook Indians. Old Nubian, Guinea-Bissau Creole, Language is now extinct. Faliscan, 109, No. Masculine prefixes appear with nouns designating male persons, feminine with those denoting female persons. Published by: The University of Chicago Press "Chinook Wawa developed out of a need for people to communicate that didn't have a common language. For more details, see: https://thetyee.ca/Life/2006/01/10/StillSpeakChinook/. He published a Vocabulary in Native American Languages: Chinook Words Welcome to our Chinook vocabulary page! Korean, of what are now Oregon and Washington states, and to British It first emerged Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Mro, The Columbia was a major indigenous thoroughfare, and the Chinooks’ location facilitated contact with northern and southern coastal peoples as well as with interior groups. Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol. The languages of Native North America. which was first created in 1860 by Emile Duployé as a way to write French Help us in creating the largest English-Chinook jargon dictionary online. an estimated 100,000 speakers. It enables you to type almost any language that uses the Latin, Cyrillic or Greek alphabets, and is free. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription.